Abstract: The first translation into Spanish of Samuel Beckett’s Comment c’est (1961), by José Emilio Pacheco, Cómo es (1966), stands out as a dazzling and unprecedented landmark in the history of the reception of the Irish author in non-English-speaking countries. In his translation the 27-year-old Mexican poet took the French original version as his main source but, despite its daring quality and the brilliance of the text rendered into Spanish, it had little impact in the cultural atmosphere of its day. In light of Pacheco’s standing in the world of letters as a first-rank critic, translator and poet, it is deemed necessary a reassessment of this unique text. The aim of this article is to analyze Pacheco’s translation of Samuel Beckett’s novel; for this purpose, the historical context and the personal elements that the poet incorporated from his personal background into his version of Comment c’est will be studied in detail. All in all, the final objective of this research is to explain how Beckett is read in Spanish through Pacheco’s version.

Resumen: En la historia de la recepción de Samuel Beckett en los países de habla no inglesa, la primera traducción de Comment c’est (1961) al castellano, realizada por José Emilio Pacheco en 1966 (Cómo es), aparece como un hito aislado y deslumbrante. Esta traducción a partir del texto original en francés, hecha por el poeta mexicano cuando tenía 27 años, no tuvo una repercusión notable en su momento, a pesar de la audacia de la empresa y de la brillantez de la traducción. Sin embargo, a raíz de la trayectoria de Pacheco como crítico, traductor y poeta de primera magnitud, se considera necesario hacer una evaluación en profundidad de este texto único. El objetivo de este artículo es el de analizar la versión de Pacheco del texto beckettiano por medio de un acercamiento al contexto histórico y a los elementos propios de su bagaje cultural que el poeta aporta a la elaboración de su traducción. Se trata, en definitiva, de explicar cómo se lee a Beckett en español por medio de Pacheco.

Hepatic hemangiomas, also referred to as cavernous hemangiomas, are the most common benign mesenchymal hepatic tumors. They are often solitary, small lesions that have an excellent safety-prognosis and were commonly incidentally detected. Hepatic hemangiomas are frequently asymptomatic, although symptoms are more likely in those lesions larger than 5 cm also referred to as giant hemangiomas. We present a case of a pauci-asymptomatic 43 year-old woman with an uncommon 16x16x27 cm giant hemangioma and perform a review of the literature.

Los hemangiomas hepáticos, también denominados hemangiomas cavernomatosos, son los tumores hepáticos más comunes. Se caracterizan por ser lesiones solitarias, pequeñas y benignas que se diagnostican frecuentemente de forma incidental. Suelen ser lesiones asintomáticas, si bien los síntomas se presentan más frecuentemente en aquellas lesiones mayores de 5 cm, también conocidas como hemangiomas gigantes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 43 años, pauci-asintomática que presenta un hemangioma gigante de 16x16x27 cm, así como se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

ABSTRACT Background: Capsule endoscopy was primarily designed for the investigation of the small bowel. However, it may also identify lesions in other segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the incidence of gastroduodenal abnormalities during small bowel capsule endoscopy and its impact on patient diagnosis and management. Patients and methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of data from 2,217 consecutive capsule endoscopy procedures performed at a single tertiary-care center between January 2008 and February 2016. Patient baseline characteristics, gastroduodenal lesions, diagnosis and management before and after capsule endoscopy were recorded and a descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Two thousands and two hundred seventeen patients were finally included in the analysis. One thousand and seventy patients were male (48.2%) and the mean age was 56.1 ± 19.5 years (range: 12-93). Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (52.3%) and inflammatory bowel disease (18.3%) were the main procedure indications. Gastroduodenal abnormalities were detected by capsule endoscopy in 696 (31.4%) of 2,217 patients. The most common types of missed gastric and duodenal lesions found were gastric erosions (35.4%), findings suggestive of chronic gastritis (22.9%), duodenal erosions (28.1%) and duodenal erythema (23.5%). This information had a clinical or diagnostic impact of 26.2% and a therapeutic impact of 15.5%. Conclusion: Capsule endoscopy detects not only small bowel lesions but also some gastroduodenal lesions that may be overlooked during an initial gastroscopy. Therefore, all gastroduodenal images should be read during small bowel capsule endoscopy as it may provide relevant information that result in changes in patient management.

Background: Nowadays, capsule endoscopy is the first-line procedure to assess the small bowel. During small bowel procedures, other segments of the gastrointestinal tract may be visualized. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the incidence of colonic abnormalities in patients undergoing small bowel capsule and its impact on patient management. Patients and methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of data from 526 consecutive capsule endoscopy procedures performed at a single tertiary-care centre between 2008 and 2011. Patients with incomplete procedures were excluded from the analysis. Patient baseline characteristics, colonic lesions, diagnosis and management before and after capsule endoscopy were recorded and a descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Four hundred and sixty four patients were finally included in the analysis. Two hundred and ninety three patients were male (57.3%) and the mean age was 61.3 ± 20.03 years (18-86). Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (59%) and inflammatory bowel disease (19%) were the main indications for the procedure. Colonic abnormalities were detected by capsule endoscopy in 47 (9%) of 464 patients. The most common types of missed lesions were vascular lesions (34%) and colonic ulcers (32%). This information had a clinical or diagnostic impact of 7.55% and a therapeutic impact of 6.03%. Conclusion: All images of the colon should be evaluated during small bowel capsule endoscopy as they may provide relevant information that may result in changes in patient management.

The microstructure and electrical properties of varistors composed of (95-x) ZnO + x Pr6O11 + 5 CoO (ZPC), (x = 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0) and sintered at 1300 and 1350 °C, were investigated. According to X-ray diffraction, several phases (ZnO, Pr2O3 and Pr2CoO4) are present when x = 1.0. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, all of these compositions contain precipitates. These phases are important regarding the development of the microstructure and the electrical properties. The samples with x = 0.1 introduce the best nonohmic behavior (α = 9.0), however when x = 0.5 the electrical properties are highly degraded due to the small quantity of effective barriers. The density of superficial states N IS and donor concentration Nd decreases with Pr6O11 addition. The decrease in the donor concentration is attributed to the annihilation of the donor defects according to the transformation of praseodymium oxides from Pr6O11 to Pr2O3.

The aggregation behavior of thirteen 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids in aqueous solution is presented, considering variations of the alkyl side chain length as well as the anionic moiety. Cation and anion molecular volumes are selected as appropriate molecular descriptors. Additionally, the existing relationship between critical micelle concentration (CMC) and electrolyte concentration in solution is established, aiming to clarify ion effects. CMC values were obtained by measuring electrical conductivity and surface tension. It was confirmed that aggregation of ionic liquids in aqueous solution and in presence of inorganic salts is affected by the factors developed in this study.